URGENT FUNDRAISING FOR  RIMMA MAKAROVA  FOR GENE THERAPY AGAINST INAD

ABOUT RIMMA 

RIMMA MAKAROVA
Photos
OUR STORY

The only child in Ukraine with the diagnosis of INAD.

This is the story of a small, strong girl named Rimma. And I will start it from the beginning.

Rimma was a long-awaited and absolutely desired child. Before we decided to become parents, we underwent all necessary tests and maintained a healthy lifestyle. My pregnancy was smooth and carefree, and I underwent all required examinations, screenings, and tests during pregnancy; everything was perfect. Our daughter was born on January 14, 2019, a completely healthy, large baby girl, and our happiness knew no bounds.

Rimma said her first “agu,” delighted us with her smile and laughter, made her first turns from her tummy to her back, sat up and stood according to her age, and her first words appeared: “Mama, Papa, Grandma.” We cherished every moment and captured it on camera.

Rimma’s development was like that of all other children, with no signs of trouble. Our carefree life lasted until Rimma turned one year old.

A month after her birthday, we ended up in the hospital with a common stomatitis. Rimma had a high fever that wouldn’t go down, and the nurses decided to give her an injection of dexamethasone and analgin, to which Rimma had a severe allergic reaction and remained unconscious for three days. Later, we learned she was in a superficial coma. After this, the disease began to appear and to progress.

Rimma stopped taking steps, lost her speech, and her condition was unclear; there was a regression. For six months, my husband and I did everything possible to restore the progress of our daughter; we visited all doctors, but they found nothing, all tests were normal. Thanks to our efforts, exercises, and rehabilitation, Rimma started walking again and could make about 20 steps with a “uncertain drunken gait.” This worried us a lot because the child had no balance, and at 1.6 years, we realized Rimma was developmentally delayed.

We raised the alarm and sought the best specialists, traveling to Kyiv to OHMATDYT’s neurological department. My husband was with our daughter, and they stayed there for two weeks searching for a diagnosis. All possible tests were conducted, and MRI of the brain showed the brain was slightly smaller than normal, while other tests were normal. For the first time, it was suggested it might be genetic, and several possible diagnoses were made, none of which were confirmed.

By age 2, Rimma completely stopped walking but could still say some words, sing melodies, and could only crawl. By age 3, we had visited nearly all doctors in various cities across Ukraine, and all were at a loss. By then, Rimma had lost the ability to crawl and fully speak.

In February 2022, when Rimma was 3.2 years old, we were forced to leave Ukraine due to the war. By chance, we ended up in Switzerland, where a family hosted us, to whom we will be forever grateful for their help and kind hearts.

We were assisted to get into the best hospital at the University of Zurich, where the neurologist in the department immediately suspected, unfortunately, this terrible diagnosis of INAD, and two months later, it was confirmed. We will remember this day for the rest of our lives.

The emotions we had to endure are indescribable. How is this possible? Two healthy people whose severely ill daughter was born! How could this happen? Why? For what reason?… These questions still haunt us.

We were informed that, unfortunately, our child is doomed, that such children live a maximum of up to 10 years. And there are currently no medications worldwide. Over time, her condition will worsen, her muscles will atrophy, she will not be able to move, will not be able to smile—how can one live without a child’s smile?

She will lose her sight, will not be able to eat or breathe independently… This information devastated us morally; you simply don’t know how to continue living, how to accept this, what to do, how not to go insane… “This is a dead end, there is no way out,” we told each other, looking into eyes full of pain…

After a few days, when there were no more tears to cry, we visited the website given to us by the doctor when we left the office. There, we discovered that parents of children diagnosed with INAD had come together and were fighting this disease together. How?

There are two organizations that have taken on the development of gene therapy. One is a non-profit organization in the USA, currently raising a large sum of money to begin clinical trials. The other is Bloomsbury Genetic Therapies, a state organization in London funded by the government.

Recently, similar drugs for a similar disease were released, costing tremendous sum of 2,875,000 pounds. [Link to article]

To not waste precious time, we launched a fundraiser for $2 million to purchase gene therapy as soon as it hits the market.

Fundraising turned out to be so difficult, challenging, and slow that we couldn’t even imagine it.

We tried to engage influencers and bloggers with large audiences, but unfortunately, only a few responded; no one wants to delve into someone else’s problems, many respond that it doesn’t concern them. The hardest part was hearing refusals for help requests. Because in my imagination, it was completely different; I thought if a few people with large audiences shared our story, the fundraiser would be quickly closed. In practice, it turned out to be difficult to knock on doors that aren’t opened.

But we do not lose hope. Hundreds of people with kind hearts support us. And we are grateful to each of you. Thanks to kind people, we have a small team of volunteers who help spread information daily.

We are always grateful for any support and information. You can become a volunteer for Rimma by dedicating 15 minutes a day to help share and spread our story.

Our Documents

ABOUT INAD

INAD stands for Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy, also known as PLAN (Phospholipase-Associated Neurodegeneration). INAD is a disease that falls under the definition of NBIA (Neurodegenerative Iron Accumulation in the Brain).

Symptoms of INAD usually begin to appear between 6 months and 2 years of age. A common pattern among young children is the loss of previously acquired skills, mental and physical abilities, and the progression of the disease over time. Many children experience delay/difficulty in walking, loss of neck control, and decreased muscle tone in the trunk, which manifests at an early age. Eventually, there will be muscle stiffness and weakness in arms and legs.

Hyperactive reflexes are observed early in the disease, while the absence of reflexes is seen later as the disease progresses.

Strabismus (crossed eyes) and nystagmus (involuntary eye movements) are often among the first signs of INAD, followed by optic nerve atrophy (damage to the nerve connecting the eye to the brain).

Due to cranial nerve dysfunction (bulbar dysfunction), children suffering from INAD often have speech problems, dysarthria (poor articulation or unintelligibility), dysphonia (improper use of voice), and dysphasia (difficulty using or understanding words).

This leads to feeding problems such as dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), difficulty chewing, choking on liquids, and nasal regurgitation. Due to these issues with eating and drinking, children are often switched to tube feeding.

Some children experience seizures early on, while others may develop seizures as the disease progresses.

Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy is an extremely rare disease. Its specific prevalence is unknown; however, it is estimated that INAD affects approximately 150 children worldwide. The diagnosis of INAD can be confirmed through genetic testing of the PLA2G6 gene.

The human body is composed of millions of cells, and within each cell is a structure called DNA, which contains detailed instructions on how all parts of the body are assembled and function. DNA is then broken down into chromosomes. People typically have 46 complete chromosomes, organized into 23 pairs, with two copies of each chromosome, as we receive one set of 23 chromosomes from our mother and another set of 23 chromosomes from our father.

Chromosomes 1-22 are called autosomes, and INAD has an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, meaning each parent is a carrier of the PLA2G6 mutation but does not exhibit any effects. Since the sex chromosome, chromosome 23, is not involved, both males and females inherit the mutated gene with equal likelihood.

In a standard pregnancy, there is a 25% chance that carrier parents will pass on their recessive PLA2G6 gene and have a child with INAD, a 50% chance that the child will be a carrier like their parents, and a 25% chance that the child will not have INAD or be a carrier.

In the past, MRI of the brain and ophthalmological examinations were key tests used to establish clinical symptoms of INAD. MRI can allow doctors to detect changes in the cerebellum, such as atrophy (degeneration of the cerebellum) and cerebellar hyperintensity (brightness) or hypointensity (darkness) in the pallidum, either of which may indicate iron accumulation in the brain. However, not all children with INAD have iron accumulation in the brain.

The diagnosis of INAD can now be confirmed through genetic testing of the PLA2G6 gene to identify two gene mutations or through whole exome sequencing, which analyzes all 20,000 genes.

The progression of INAD usually occurs quickly after the onset of initial symptoms. Many affected children never learn to walk or lose this ability shortly after learning. In the late stages of the disease, pronounced spasticity (muscle stiffness or tightness), progressive cognitive decline, and vision problems have a significant impact on daily life. Unfortunately, many children with INAD do not live past the age of 10, but some reach adolescence or later. Supportive therapy and symptom treatment can extend life by reducing the risk of infections and other complications.

Although there is currently no standard treatment for INAD, mouse models of INAD and INAD models using cells in vitro exist. In both models, the polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has been shown to be beneficial.

Payments from Abroad and Within Ukraine

Transfer to PrivatBank card, UAH:

PrivatBank, UAH:
Card number copied!
4149 4390 2492 9766

Recipient: Ivan Makarov (Father)

Transfer to MonoBank card, UAH:

MonoBank, UAH:
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5375 4112 0030 1906

Recipient: Ivan Makarov (Father)

SWIFT Transfer, EUR:

Beneficiary IBAN - UA743220010000026209331006579

Account No
26209331006579
Receiver
MAKAROV IVAN, 54000, Ukraine, reg. Mykolaivska, c. Mykolaiv, st. Moskovska, build. 65, fl. 18

Account with Institution
Bank
JSC UNIVERSAL BANK
City
KYIV, UKRAINE
Swift code
UNJSUAUKXXX

Intermediary
Bank
RAIFFEISEN BANK INTERNATIONAL AG City
VIENNA, AUSTRIA
Account number
1-55.092.373
Swift code
RZBAATWWXXX

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SWIFT Transfer, USD:

BENEFICIARY
Recipient (full name of account holder in Latin): Ivan Makarov, 54022, Ukraine, region Mykolaivska, city Mykolaiv, street Chekhova, building 7

IBAN - UA663052990000026201881702006

ACCOUNT
Account of recipient - 4149499344224876

BANK OF BENEFICIARY
Bank of recipient - JSC CB PRIVATBANK, 1D HRUSHEVSKOHO STR., KYIV, 01001, UKRAINE
SWIFT CODE/BIC: PBANUA2X

CORRESPONDENT ACCOUNT
Account of recipient's bank with correspondent bank - 36445343

INTERMEDIARY BANK
Correspondent bank - Citibank N.A., NEW YORK, USA
SWIFT CODE/BIC: CITIUS33

PayPal Transfer, USD:

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Grivna1006@gmail.com

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TCfGet5hn4CDSgf7YP7CoPUGgcGGSDVcdz
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3N9FA5MG9WxssF2yuAUg2z22CFqSsDjPiV
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Urgent fundraising for gene therapy against a neurodegenerat
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